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Condensed List of Biden/Harris Accomplishments

Signs about the Beach Nourishment Project in Brigantine, NJ, part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

A quick, and growing, list of achievements from President Biden and Vice President Harris. A more detailed and wordy version of this list, with sources, is to be found here.

First year of Biden/Harris administration

– Invoked Defense Production Act for COVID vaccines and distribution
– Passed American Rescue Plan, which cut child poverty in half
– Established Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force
– Rejoined the World Health Organization and the Paris Climate Accords
– Convened the first virtual Summit for Democracy (including 110 countries)
– Largest human airlift in US history (100,000 people) in Afghanistan
– Worked with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies to counter aggression from Russia, even before the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
Executive orders in Biden’s first 100 days as President, including reversals of Trump policies. (Here’s an up-to-date list.)

Major Legislation

American Rescue Plan — signed March 2021
White House Fact Sheet (pdf)
– May, 2022: Detailed one-year report, “Advancing Equity through the American Rescue Plan” (pdf, 300 pp.)

Bipartisan Infrastructure Law / Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (BIL or IIJA, Public Law 117-58) — signed November 15, 2021

Construction Vehicles in Brigantine, NJ, in July, 2023

Lists and Maps for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law:
– A sampling of BIL-funded infrastructure projects from the US Department of Transportation (USDOT)
– BIL State Fact Sheets (also linked within the USDOT sampler), including links for US territories and Tribal lands
General map with BIL project examples from all 50 states plus US territories

CHIPS and Science Act — signed August 9, 2022
White House Fact Sheet
One-year anniversary article from the Department of Energy
ALL the BIL and CHiPS projects

Inflation Reduction Act — signed August 16, 2022
White House statement of the ways the Inflation Reduction Act impacts Americans “by the numbers”

Vice President Kamala Harris

– Harris has met with 150+ world leaders, including diplomatic work in the IndoPacific, Africa, South Asia, and Latin America.
– Diplomacy with Central American leaders and with Mexican president about border issues
– Commitment to support economic opportunity and growth in Central America
– Point person for gun safety legislation
– Point person for reproductive rights, including 2024 “Fight for Reproductive Freedoms” tour.
– Point person for Maternal health
– Long history of support for LGBTQ+ issues
– Ongoing support for Civil Rights and racial equity
– Point person for protecting the vote
Strong focus on young people, including Nationwide “Fight for Our Freedoms” College Tour

Remarks by Vice President Harris at the Annual Retreat of the Women’s Missionary Society of the 7th Episcopal District of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Myrtle Beach, SC, 1/6/24

Some articles about Harris:
HCBU Pulse, March 3, 2023: “Kamala Harris’s Accomplishments As The 49th Vice President Of The United States
Daily Beast, August 12, 2023: “It’s Time to Give Kamala Harris Her Due
American Presidency Project at UC Santa Barbara, August 21, 2023: “In Case You Missed It: She’s been Everywhere
DAME Magazine, October 12, 2023: “The Media Has a Real Thing Against VP Kamala Harris

Economy

Some numbers
Minimum wage increased in nearly half of U.S. states (by 1/2/24)
Unemployment fell yet again, to 3.4%, matching a rate not seen since 1969. (May 2023)
Inflation continues to fall, gas prices coming down (12/22/23)

Workers’ Rights
– Supported successful autoworkers’ strike, joining a picket line in Detroit, MI.
Visited auto plant in Belvidere, IL, which had reopened as part of the strike settlement.

Inflation vs. corporate profits
– Pushed back on corporate profiteering, including cracking down on the practice of so-called junk fees: unexpected hidden costs for air travel, car rentals, credit cards, cable television, ticket sales, and so on.

Student loans
Sweeping student loan relief was blocked by the Supreme Court.
However, Biden continued to work for relief for thousands by enforcing existing laws.

Supply Chains
– Signed supply chain agreement with 13 countries in the Indo-Pacific to anticipate bottlenecks.
Announced nearly 30 new actions to strengthen the country’s supply chains.

Diplomacy Within our Borders

Biden has hosted three Tribal Nations Summits at the White House, announcing new Native American Initiatives.
Tribal interests have also been specifically included in multiple other policies.

Foreign Policy

US Border policies
– Investment in Central American Countries to reduce need to flee (See above under Harris)
– Bipartisan proposals to improve the situation at the border blocked by extremists in Congress.

Diplomacy abroad
– Responded to Russian invasion of Ukraine in military, diplomatic, and financial ways.
– Helped to end the war in Yemen
– Responded to Hamas’ attack on Israel on 10/7/23 and Israel’s retaliation on Gaza with some unbalanced messaging, but worked pragmatically and consistently to urge restraint, allow for humanitarian aid and pauses, and limit the engagement of surrounding nations.
– Improved economic relationships with China and other Pacific Rim nations at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit in San Francisco.

Meanwhile…Republican plans for the country

In contrast, here are some of the Republicans’ explicit, actually stated plans if they win the presidency (some general, some specifically for Trump):
Project 2025 (Wikipedia, not official project link)
Climate and Environmental Policy
Immigration
Dictatorship
Revenge
Criminalization of Queer/Trans people by “declaring any and all LGBTQ content to be pornographic in nature”.

Getting out the Vote!

So. We have a lot of work to do. And we can do that work! As Vice President Kamala Harris said to members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, on January 6, 2024, “at this moment in history, I say: Let us not throw up our hands when it’s time to roll up our sleeves. Because we were born for a time such as this.”

Again, here’s the longer version of this post.

Biden/Harris Accomplishments, a Reference Work in Progress

Note: TL;DR version of this post (with fewer details and citations) can be found here!

Wildlife area and Atlantic Ocean at Brigantine, NJ, a bit north of the beach nourishment project underway as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The team of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris have accomplished extraordinary measures of progress and change in the country over the past three years.

There is a startling mismatch, however, between the accomplishments of the Biden/Harris administration, which are numerous, and the media presentation of these accomplishments, leading to a severe gap in public awareness and communication.

MAGA Republican politicians and their allies, meanwhile, whose stated plans for the presidency would undermine democracy itself*, take advantage of this by dismissing and ignoring (or taking credit for) the actual accomplishments, along with their usual projection/distraction strategy of accusing Democrats of crimes and scandals they themselves have committed.

The result is a world where voters are overwhelmed and unimpressed, and where people such as Jill Stein, running now as a Green party candidate, can present the two major parties as if they are anything like equivalent.

So, in case you could use some backup references when asked what the President and Vice President have been doing, I am collecting here a growing list of their accomplishments — economic, cultural, diplomatic, health-related, structural — and a sampling of details and sources for each. Several sections for the administration as a whole, and a section in the middle focused on Vice President Harris. The collection is a work in progress, and it is also still under construction.

Note: A number of my quotes and sources are from political historian Heather Cox Richardson, a writer with a particular talent for and dedication to compiling the news of the day in current and historical context.

First year of Biden/Harris administration

– Invoked Defense Production Act for COVID vaccines and distribution (having discovered upon arrival that the Trump administration had no distribution plan)
– Passed the American Rescue Plan (see below), which cut child poverty in half and expanded healthcare access.
– Established Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force
– Rejoined the World Health Organization and the Paris Climate Accords
– Convened the first virtual Summit for Democracy (including 110 countries)
Ooh, you can watch video of the presentations, in multiple languages.
– Largest human airlift in US history (100,000 people) after mess/attacks in withdrawing from Afghanistan
– “[W]orked with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies to counter increasing aggression from Russian president Vladimir Putin, strengthening NATO, while suggesting publicly that further Russian incursions into Ukraine will have serious financial repercussions.”
(HCR 12/30/21 — Note this is before the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February, 2022.)

President Biden’s Executive Orders

Unlike Trump, Biden has used his executive orders to put through things that were popular with the people.
Executive orders in Biden’s first 100 days as President, including reversals of Trump policies.
– Up-to-date list of executive orders, memos, and proclamations.

Major Legislation

American Rescue Plan — signed March 2021
– March, 2021: White House Fact Sheet (pdf)
– May, 2022: Detailed one-year report, “Advancing Equity through the American Rescue Plan” (pdf, 300 pp.)

“The new law cut child poverty in half by putting $66 billion into 36 million households. It expanded access to the Affordable Care Act, enabling more than 4.6 million Americans who were not previously insured to get healthcare coverage, bringing the total covered to a record 13.6 million.” (HCR 12/30/21)

Signs about the Beach Nourishment Project in Brigantine, NJ

Bipartisan Infrastructure Law / Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (BIL or IIJA, Public Law 117-58) — signed November 15, 2021

Brigantine Beach

High tide at Brigantine Beach, July 2023

Some of the 44,000 BIL projects to date:

Beach Nourishment in Brigantine, NJ (Coastal Storm Risk Management, Hurricane, and Storm Damage Reduction Projects) through the US Army Corps of Engineers; see photos
– Repair of Fern Hollow Bridge in Pittsburgh, PA
My friend Sean Crist, who lives close enough to the bridge to have heard the chaos after its collapse, put together a video chronicling the 11-month progress from collapse to reopening.
– Expansion of Sarasota Bradenton International Airport, which I know about because “House speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) joined members of the Florida congressional delegation today to view an expansion project at the Sarasota Bradenton International Airport funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law although Johnson voted against it.” (HCR 11/27/23)

Lists and Maps for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law:

Construction Vehicles in Brigantine, NJ, in July, 2023


– A sampling of BIL-funded infrastructure projects from the US Department of Transportation (USDOT)
– BIL State Fact Sheets (also linked within the USDOT sampler), including links for US territories and Tribal lands
General map with BIL project examples from all 50 states plus US territories

CHIPS and Science Act — signed August 9, 2022
White House Fact Sheet
One-year anniversary article from the Department of Energy
ALL the BIL and CHiPS projects, with filters by state, by public/private/stories, by type of industry, etc…

Inflation Reduction Act — signed August 16, 2022
White House statement of the ways the Inflation Reduction Act impacts Americans “by the numbers”
– Price cap on insulin for those on Medicare. (President Biden followed this up with calls for a similar cap for all Americans, and pharmacy companies are following through.)
– Energy efficient appliance rebates (which have been disseminated to the states but are possibly not active yet)

Vice President Kamala Harris

Remarks by Vice President Harris at the Annual Retreat of the Women’s Missionary Society of the 7th Episcopal District of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Myrtle Beach, SC, 1/6/24

– Harris has met with 150+ world leaders, including diplomatic work in the IndoPacific, Africa, South Asia, and Latin America.
– Diplomacy with Central American leaders and with Mexican president about border issues.
5/27/21: Call to Action for investment in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras (“Northern Triangle”)
July 2021: Released “U.S. Strategy for Addressing the Root Causes of Migration in CentralAmerica” report. (pdf)
2/6/23: Launched Central America Forward to promote economic growth and worker support in countries from which people come to the US.
– Point person for gun safety legislation
4/7/23: Rallied in Tennessee to support ousted legislators who had spoken out against gun violence.
– Point person for Reproductive rights
9/12/22: Met with civil rights and reproductive rights leaders at the White House to discuss coalition building between their organizations to protect reproductive health care and abortion access.
1/22/24: Kicked off “Fight for Reproductive Freedoms” tour in Wisconsin on the 51st anniversary of the Roe v. Wade decision.
– Point person for Maternal health
12/7/21: Led the White House’s First-Ever Maternal Health Day of Action.
4/13/22: Hosted the First-Ever Meeting of Cabinet Officials on Maternal Health, during Black Maternal Health Week.
– Long History of Support for LGBTQ+ issues
6/26/24: Visited the Stonewall Inn to demonstrate support during Pride month.
Also, though not as VP: “When she was the San Francisco district attorney, Ms. Harris spent Valentine’s Day in 2004 officiating same-sex marriages, before the state Supreme Court ordered the city to stop performing the weddings and nullified the unions.”
While looking things up, I found this fascinating article from 2020, making connections with Harvey Milk, through their shared campaign strategist Jim Rivaldo (Harris for DA in 2003, Milk for City Supervisor in 1977).
– Ongoing support for Civil Rights and Racial Justice
– Point person for Protecting the vote
1/11/22: Campaigned in Atlanta for sweeping voting rights legislation: the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act and the Freedom to Vote Act, although the Senate Republicans blocked them by filibuster.
Strong focus on young people
– September-October, 2023: Nationwide “Fight for Our Freedoms” College Tour

Some articles about VP Harris:
HCBU Pulse, March 3, 2023: “Kamala Harris’s Accomplishments As The 49th Vice President Of The United States
Daily Beast, August 12, 2023: “It’s Time to Give Kamala Harris Her Due
American Presidency Project at UC Santa Barbara, August 21, 2023: “In Case You Missed It: She’s been Everywhere
DAME Magazine, October 12, 2023: “The Media Has a Real Thing Against VP Kamala Harris

Economy

Some numbers
“Today’s job numbers came in higher than expected, with the U.S. adding 253,000 nonfarm jobs in April. Unemployment fell yet again, to 3.4%, matching a rate not seen since 1969. Black unemployment is at an all-time low of 4.7%. For Hispanics it’s 4.4%, and for Asian Americans, 2.8%. The rate for adult women is 3.1%. Average hourly wages rose 0.5%.”
(HCR 5/6/23)

“Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis released today showed inflation continuing to come down. In November the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index was 2.6% over the previous November, down from 2.9% in October. The Federal Reserve aims for 2%. Falling gas prices meant that overall, prices actually dropped in November for the first time since April 2020.”
(HCR 12/22/23)

“At home, minimum wage increased in nearly half of U.S. states; it has been 14 years since the last increase in the federal minimum wage, the longest stretch since 1938 according to the AFL-CIO. NPR correspondent David Gura quoted Goldman Sachs’s chief equity strategist to note, ​’”The S&P 500 index returned 26% including dividends in 2023, more than 2x the average annual return of 12% since 1986.'”
(HCR 1/2/24)

Workers’ Rights
– 9/26/23: Supported successful autoworkers’ strike, joining a picket line in Detroit, MI.
– 11/9/23: Visited auto plant in Belvidere, IL, which had reopened as part of the strike settlement.
“Biden had worked hard to get the Belvidere plant reopened, and he joined the UAW picket line—the first president to do such a thing. He told the autoworkers that he ran for the presidency ‘to…bring back good-paying jobs that you can raise a family on, whether or not you went to college, and give working families more breathing room. And the way to do that is to invest in ourselves again, invest in America, invest in American workers. And that’s exactly what we’ve done.’
“In Belvidere, Biden and UAW president Shawn Fain cut a selfie video. In it, Biden says: ‘[Y]ou know, the middle class built this country, but unions built the middle class. And when unions do well, everybody does well. The economy does well.'”
(HCR 11/10/23)

Inflation vs. corporate profits
– “President Biden has launched a campaign to push back on corporate profiteering, including cracking down on the practice of so-called junk fees—unexpected hidden costs for air travel, car rentals, credit cards, cable television, ticket sales, and so on. (The airline industry collected more than $6.7 billion last year in baggage fees, for example.)” (HCR 11/21/23)

Student loans
Couldn’t change the laws, but did enforce existing laws.
More details to come.

Supply Chains (HCR 11/27/23)
– 11/27/23: “…the administration today announced nearly 30 new actions to strengthen the country’s supply chains”
– 2/24/21: Established task force to find vulnerabilities — 250-page report in June 2021
– Implemented recommendations:
“From October 2021 to October 2023, supply chain pressure, which is tracked by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fell from near-record highs to a record low. That, in turn, has helped to lower inflation.
Now Biden has established a new White House Council on Supply Chain Resilience to make sure those supply chains stay strong.”
– two weeks ago, Biden signed a supply chain agreement with 13 countries in the Indo-Pacific that he said will enable the countries to identify supply chain bottlenecks “before they become the kind of full-scale disruptions we saw during the pandemic.”

Diplomacy Within our Borders

President Biden has hosted three Tribal Nations Summits at the White House, announcing new Native American Initiatives.
Tribal interests have also been specifically included in multiple other policies.

Foreign Policy

US Border policies
– Investment in Central American Countries to reduce need to flee (See above under Harris)

Diplomacy abroad

Response to Russian invasion of Ukraine on 2/24/22
Responded in military, diplomatic, and financial ways, as implied in prior statements (see above, working with NATO).
More detail to come.

Yemen
“…[N]otably, the administration helped to end the war in Yemen by setting the terms for a truce mediated by the United Nations. That truce has held—so far—for fourteen months. ‘Humanitarian aid and fuel are flowing through Yemen’s ports, the civilian airport in Sanaa has reopened, and the parties are actively in discussions on a roadmap to ultimately bring this war to an end.'”
(HCR 5/6/23, quote from National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan)

Response to Hamas’ attack on Israel on 10/7/23 and Israel’s retaliation on Gaza
While his messaging to the American public has lacked nuance and has been unsatisfactory in a number of ways, Biden and Secretary of State Anthony Blinken have worked pragmatically and consistently to urge restraint, allow for humanitarian aid, and limit the engagement of surrounding nations.

APEC Summit and Relations with China (HCR 11/16/23)
“The summit of the leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies continued today in San Francisco, California.
Formed in 1989, APEC is made up of the economies of 21 nations around the Pacific Rim: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Peru, Russia, Vietnam, and the United States. Together, these economies make up about 62% of global gross domestic product and almost half of global trade.”

“Going into this summit, then, the U.S. had the leverage to get agreements from China to crack down on the precursor chemicals that Chinese producers have been shipping to Latin America to make illegal fentanyl, restore military communications between the two countries now that Li has been replaced, and make promises about addressing climate change. Other large issues of trade and the independence of Taiwan will not be resolved so easily.
Still, it was a high point for President Biden, whose economic policies and careful investment in diplomatic alliances have helped to shift the power dynamic between the U.S. and two countries that were key geopolitical rivals when he took office. Now, both the U.S. and China appear to be making an effort to move forward on better terms. Indeed, Chinese media has shifted its tone about the U.S. and the APEC summit so quickly readers have expressed surprise.
Today, Biden emphasized “the unlimited potential of our partnerships…to realize a future that will benefit people not only in the Asia-Pacific region but the whole world,… [a] future where our prosperity is shared and is inclusive, where workers are empowered and their rights are respected, where our economies are sustainable and resilient.”
Biden and administration officials noted that companies from across the Asia-Pacific world have invested nearly $200 billion in the U.S. since Biden took office, creating tens of thousands of good jobs, while the U.S. has elevated its engagement with the region, holding bilateral talks, creating new initiatives and deepening economic partnerships.
Today, Biden and Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo announced that the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, an economic forum established last year as a nonbinding replacement for the Trans-Pacific Partnership former president Trump abruptly pulled out of, had agreed on terms to set up an early warning system for disruptions to supply chains, cooperation on clean energy, and fighting corruption and tax evasion.”

Some Letters from Heather Cox Richardson, cited or referenced herein:
(HCR 12/30/21)
(HCR 5/6/23)
(HCR 11/10/23)
(HCR 11/16/23)
(HCR 11/27/23)
(HCR 12/22/23)
(HCR 1/2/24)

——–
* That is, more than they are already, from blocking voting rights legislation to holding the country hostage by conditioning funding the country and paying its bills upon their whims of extremism.
Here are some of the Republican plans if they win the presidency (some general, some specifically for Trump):
Project 2025 (Wikipedia, not official project link)
Climate and Environmental Policy
Immigration
Dictatorship
Revenge
Criminalization of Queer/Trans people by “declaring any and all LGBTQ content to be pornographic in nature”.

An Open Letter to Florida Board of Education on the Occasional “Personal Benefit” of Enslavement

An Open Letter to Florida Board of Education on the Occasional “Personal Benefit” of Enslavement

Dear designers of the new Florida state curriculum,

I’ve been reading about some of your newly prescribed teachings, and I would like to focus here on the teaching that the institution of slavery was (“in some instances”) beneficial to the people who were thus enslaved (Florida’s State Academic Standards – Social Studies, 2023, grades 6-8, African American History (p.6)):

SS.68.AA.2.3: Examine the various duties and trades performed by slaves (e.g., agricultural work, painting, carpentry, tailoring, domestic service, blacksmithing, transportation).

Benchmark Clarifications:
Clarification 1:* Instruction includes how slaves developed skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their personal benefit.

Well.
It is certainly true that enslaved people did get vast experience in skills they might not have otherwise developed**. And they would get to use these skills in their work.

So really, it’s just like an unpaid internship!
But one where your supervisors literally own you.
And your firstborn child.
In fact, all of your children, at least those they haven’t sold away so you never see them again.
And you don’t get to choose your work, nor who you’re working for.
And they beat you to make sure you do the work (or just if they’re mad), and there are no legal limits on your hours.
Nor any protections for your safety.
They can, however, legally kill you if you object.

And you’re not allowed to learn anything they don’t want you to.
In fact, it’s illegal for anyone to teach you to read.
If you’re among the first generation of interns, any skills you previously had are denied you, or else incorporated into their history of what you’ve learned there.
They’re not the ones teaching you your skills, anyway; you’re learning from other interns. The work you’re doing is not to help you be like your supervisors; it’s designed specifically so they don’t have to do it themselves: growing and cooking their food (and your own), building their houses (and your own), making their clothes (and your own), caring for their children (and hopefully your own).***
In some instances, the skills you develop can earn you special privileges, though of course only as allowed by your  ensl– supervisor.
And you never get to leave**** – not to go home at night, not to quit, and certainly not to move on to the new, paid position the internship is surely preparing you for with all those skills.

So, yeah. An unpaid internship that you did not choose, for your entire life, from birth until death. I’m surprised you haven’t all applied for internships just like this.

And I really wonder, when you envision what it would be like to live in those times, in whose position you imagine yourselves to be.

Thank you,
A Concerned American

“As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Whatever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is not democracy.” – Abraham Lincoln, August 1858.

Some references:
Florida’s State Academic Standards – Social Studies, 2023
– Cited in Heather Cox Richardson’s letter for July 22, 2023, where she also pulls apart other teachings outlined in the document.
– See also https://undergroundrailroadhistory.org/the-vocabulary-of-freedom/

_____
*Despite the numbering, this is the only clarification for this benchmark. The only thing they want to be absolutely sure kids are taught about the types of work Black people did within the institution of slavery. Why? Why is this important?

**Though really? “Agricultural work”?? This is a good, transferable skill, with excellent benefits? Will the students be taught that there are still people doing backbreaking “agricultural work” in massive fields in the blazing sun, who are noncitizens or second-class citizens, and that they have to petition long and hard for breaks and safety measures and fair pay, while white people who are anti-immigration would not choose those jobs for themselves?

(This is not to imply that agricultural work is not a skill. In fact, it’s lots of skills, which is part of my objection, though more that it would be desirable work.)

Early 20th century view of the Hampton site's slave quarters, when used to house paid laborers and their families.

Early 20th century view of the Hampton site’s slave quarters, when used to house paid laborers and their families. National Park Service, Hampton National Historic Site.

***This is vitally important to stress wherever we can, that it’s the enslaved people providing food and shelter to the enslavers (along with other skills and comforts), as it’s so easy for people to fall prey to false reassurances that enslaved people were okay because their enslavers “cared” for them and provided them with food and places to live. When it’s actually entirely the opposite.

(Note: I’m trying to fact-check my assertion that enslaved people built the structures they and their enslavers occupied, and I’m finding a surprising lack of agency. Even in articles that are clear about the language of enslavement, the buildings are just…built. The enslavers, or white architects, may have designed them, but they persist in just being built, mysteriously, in the passive voice.
Examples: Housing for the Enslaved in Virginia
Slave Quarters, Hampton National Historic Site)

****Except in some instances, where people had privileges approved by their enslavers. Perhaps part of the instruction can involve how many such “instances” there were, compared to the entire enslaved population. Because singling out an unusual opportunity in a history lesson will cause it to be weirdly outsized in kids’ minds if you somehow fail to tell them how rare it is.

And those who did benefit from those skills they learned, who were freed by their enslavers, or were allowed out to ply their new skills, or who were among the last generation who were kept enslaved? They might say it was a good trade compared to the people who didn’t get to leave their chains behind. But I can’t imagine anyone who would willingly make that trade, if the alternative had been no enslavement at all.

Playing Geography, Fictional Places Edition

My all-time favorite travel game is called Geography: I have fond memories of playing it in the car on the way to visit my grandparents, or with my cousins when we would travel together to Thanksgiving. It’s not an actual geographical game, but a word game made up of place names.

Detail of a map in fresco of Ancient Italy, from the Vatican Gallery of Maps

Photo taken in Vatican City, in the Vatican Gallery of Maps, featuring a detail of a map in fresco entitled “Italia Antiqva”. This photo happens to include the towns of Gaeta (the southern-most point of our trip) and Sperlonga (a coastal town I particularly liked), along with some education: it hadn’t occurred to me that the Adriatic Sea (“Mare Hadriatic”) might be named for Emperor Hadrian.

The basic play is simple:
Player one names a place. Player two names a place whose name begins with the last letter of the previous place. And so on.

I say Rome, you say Edinburgh, the next player says Holland. (Or if it turns out you were actually saying Edinboro, then the next player could say Ohio.) No repeats.

If someone says a name that’s come up already, they get corrected and try something else; there’s no penalty (which honestly had never occurred to me until someone asked during the below-mentioned game; I replied politely that that’s done in the Draconian Rules version).

Then there are various potential rule negotiations that vary, some established at the start of play, but mostly decided whenever things come up. A not-quite exhaustive list of past negotiations:

  • Do place names that no longer exist count? (Yugoslavia, Soviet Union)
  • What if they’re archeological sites? (Xanadu)
  • Do mythological places count? (Atlantis)
  • Do other fictional places count? (Narnia)
  • Can you leave earth? (Mars, Sea of Tranquility, Crab Nebula)
  • When a place name starts with “The,” do we leave it off? (Netherlands)
  • For places in non-English-speaking countries, do we use the English or local spelling? (Rome vs. Roma). What if you’re in that country at the time?
  • Is “America” a place? (I say no, and I hold the line pretty hard.) *
  • For rivers and mountains, do “river” and “mountain” count as part of the name? (Note: this query doesn’t seem to apply to “ocean,” which is generally included by default.)
  • Do street names count? Do street names count if you’re desperate?
  • If a place has changed its name, can you use the older name? (Leningrad vs. St. Petersburg). Can both be used in the same game?

One important discovery one makes while playing this game is that humans love the letter A.** There is often a point where we have what I call the “A cascade,” in which all the place names begin and end with A, for an impressively long time.***

Conversely, there are other letters that are very promising but rarely appear at the ends of names. A few years ago, I started compiling a list of places that end with uncommon letters. Naypyidaw, Edgecomb, Alcatraz, Czech Republic, Appomattax, and so on…

There is no winning. Play ends when players run out of options (though it’s fine to offer help), or enough people are done, or we arrive at a rest stop or destination. Occasionally we’ll try to pick up again afterward, but it’s tricky to keep the momentum going: in general we’ll either start over or move on to something else.

As you might imagine, playing two games of Geography in close succession can be tricky, since it becomes difficult to remember in which round a name was used. So we have alternate themes. As a kid, I often played a “first names” version, for which I was very pleased to know people named Yolanda (friend of my parents) and Yetta (my great-grandmother) and then extra pleased as a preteen to read an article about conjoined twins named Yvonne and Yvette. More recently, with my own kid and other family or friends, we’ve done it with plants (Negotiations: Use Latin names or only common? Does using both in the same game count as a repeat?) and animals (What about categories? If someone says sparrow, can you also say song sparrow?).

I recently returned from a chorus trip to Rome and Florence (or Roma e Firenze, but we decided on English spellings), and in one of the coach rides, there was a rousing game of Geography, with six people playing, plus a few others who offered suggestions or critiques. During play, the question of whether to allow fictional places came up, and my wife said firmly, “It would have to be only fictional places.” And while I started to talk through it out loud, one of the other players said, “But you could just make stuff up,” because anything you make up would be automatically fictional.

So I thought on it for a few days, and I now propose Geography, Fictional Places Edition:

An overlay map in which the 1st age map of Middle Earth from J.R.R.Tolkien's Silmarillion is combined with the 3rd age map from The Lord of the Rings

An overlay map in which the 1st Age map of Middle Earth from J.R.R.Tolkien’s Silmarillion is combined with the 3rd Age map from The Lord of the Rings. Image from The One Ring.

The play is the same as regular Geography, but with one important difference: the goal here includes the stories and the connections.

Player one names a fictional place. If everyone knows it, then you go on. If not everyone knows it, then you introduce it: “Alola is an island region from the Pokémon TV series; the main character travels there and makes new friends, and they go adventuring, making many discoveries,” or “Nangiyala is the afterlife in The Brothers Lionheart, which I read in an abbreviated form in Cricket magazine and still haven’t read as a full book.” If giving details about the place would provide plot spoilers, you can say so: give the citation but explain that saying more about the place itself would give too much away.

Authoring codicil: If everyone agrees, then yes, you can include places you’ve made up yourself, even on the spot, as long as you provide a good story to go along with it. And certainly if you’ve established them in prior writing.

Our first experiment, at home, has led to the recognition that I don’t keep a coherent list of fictional places in my head. On only the second turn, the kid said something that ended with D, and abruptly every place I had ever read about fell out of my head – musings throughout the trip notwithstanding. “Dreamland” sounded like something, but I wasn’t sure where to place it.**** Then I had to remind myself that Denmark wasn’t fictional. And then we had the first new question: about whether structures are places. “I want to say Dawn Treader,” I mused. Kid was skeptical when I reminded him it’s a boat. “But it’s the setting for most of the book!” I settled instead on Durmstrang, which while also a structure, at least was a stationary structure.***** And there was no objection, except now the kid was stuck on G.

We’ll see how it goes. (-:

With thanks to Jennifer Woodfin, Dan Rosen, and M. Sheffield for contributions and commentary, and Stephen Mayhew for an NER refresher.

———-
* While I do casually use “America” to mean the United States and “American” to refer to its residents, I have several reasons I don’t find it appropriate in a geographical naming setting.

The first is accuracy: the US of A implies that the US is a subpart of the lands of America. But the land mass is divided, and in English we don’t talk about “America” as the entire land mass. We have North America, South America, Central America, possibly the Americas (though then we have “the”). So if we do mean the US, then it’s an alternate name for the same country. If we don’t, then we have a name that’s not actually used that way.

Which brings us to the political argument: While I understand that “America” is short for “the United States of America,” it has bugged me that “America” refers specifically to the US since the time, many years ago in summer camp, when I wished a friend a happy 4th of July, and she said, “I’m not American,” reminding me that she was from Mexico. Holidays aside, it seemed profoundly unjust to me that someone from a country in North America couldn’t say they were American.******

** Well, sounds that are written in English as the letter A.

*** It’s great fun, but it’s also important to be able to end the cascade; I try to keep in mind a set of A names that end with something else: Arctic Circle, Arctic Ocean, Ambler…

**** Hm. With more time for reflection: Dreamland is both a place people go when they sleep and a favorite bedtime CD by Putamayo. I guess the former would work, then. Collective fiction!

***** But I kind of want the boat to count, too.

In the field of Natural Language Processing, there is a machine learning task called Named Entity Recognition. In NER, a computer model is trained to find proper names and categorize them, according to certain categories. In the project I helped on, there were four categories: Person, Organization, Location, and Geopolitical Entity. The distinction between GPE and LOC (which are both geographical) went as follows:

“GPE has a border, a government, and a population. LOC is a geographical region that doesn’t meet these criteria. So, the European Union has all 3 so it is a GPE. The Sahara desert may have a population and possibly a border, but no government, so it is LOC.”
Significantly, “Airports and other structures are LOC.”
But I don’t know about structures that actually change their location.

****** Speaking of the naming of the Americas: when we were in Florence last month, in the Accademia Gallery to see Michelangelo’s David, our local tour guide spoke to us about the Vespucci family. She first confirmed that we knew of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci, for whom the Americas were named.******* (She was not as surprised that we knew this as an earlier guide had been that we knew the name of Alessandro Botticelli – which for me would have been hard to avoid once my hair was long enough.) Then she explained that the Vespuccis were a well-known family in Florence, and that Simonetta Cattaneo Vespucci, who had married into the family, became the subject of many of Botticelli’s paintings. (I was surprisingly gratified to learn that one of my artistic hair twins was based on a known person!) And it transpired that Botticelli specifically requested that he be buried near her, and so all three of them are buried with others of the family in a church in Florence. And then it turned out that the church in question, the Chiesa di Ognissanti, was the church in which we would be singing that evening!

******* And, wow, was I wrong about why the land was named for him.
The story I learned was that Amerigo Vespucci made a map of the lands he’d surveyed, and he wrote his name across it as a signature, but people thought it was meant to be the new name of the continent.

As it turns out, this part of the world was named for Amerigo Vespucci by other European mapmakers specifically to honor him, as the first European to recognize that they had not come around to the other side of Asia but instead had found an entire separate land in between.

https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/
(See also the comment therein about using America as a name)

Anti-Trans Bathroom Bills, Part I

Note: I wrote the following in 2021. I hadn’t polished it to the point where I was ready to post, but now that I’ve found it, I want it here as background. So I’m posting it now (June, 2023), with minor edits, and backdating to when it was originally written. I don’t actually know which bills were under discussion at the time, nor whether I had specific ones in mind.
____

stylized bathroom sign with desperate-looking figures

“Holding It In” (image purchased from theprintedprint on etsy.)

To anyone who approves of regulating which bathrooms trans kids can use, I want you to ask yourself this: are you, personally, okay with having your genitals (or your birth certificate) checked whenever you use a public bathroom?

Maybe this hasn’t occurred to you. After all, we already know that the point of these bills is not to check everybody who needs a bathroom; the point is to challenge — and publicize — the gender identity of very specific people who already have their gender identity challenged every day.

Many trans people are already so terrified of being challenged on their right to pee that they will wait until they’re desperate before using the bathroom. These bills will make it clear that people are legally allowed to stop them, even at that moment.

Many trans people already avoid using public bathrooms at all costs, even if they’re out all day. Often, that cost is paid in recurrent urinary tract infections and ongoing health problems. These bills will make that worse.

Cleverly, if these bills pass, then trans and gender-non-conforming people will be challenged no matter what they do.* People who switch to the bathroom they’re comfortable with may legally be challenged at any time. Meanwhile, trans people who pass as cisgender will be challenged (inaccurately) if they follow the new rules and use their assigned-at-birth restroom.**

They will be challenged, and, often, they will be cornered. This is not new.

There is a classic and horrifying trope where school bullies corner a trans or gender-bending kid in a bathroom or locker room and force them to pull their pants down so everyone can see. And this is now meant to be codified into law? I know we’ve seen since 2015 that many school bullies never grew up, but really? Adults want this to be the law?

And if these laws pass, then how are they to be enforced? Since you can’t tell by looking (or else there would be no need for proof), the only really equitable way would be for everyone who wants to use a bathroom to prove, on the spot, that they have the legal right to use it.

I’m guessing this would seem somehow unfair, maybe even discriminatory, to those who have used bathrooms themselves without any worries at all for years.

Ostensibly, parents want these laws in order to protect their kids from (made up) scary people who might look at them funny.*** The argument falls apart once you realise that they’re perfectly happy to have other people’s kids looked at instead, in systematic and prurient ways, by other kids, or by adults.

And if the call for proof doesn’t apply to everyone, then it would have to be done by challenges, on a case-by-case basis. And if THAT happens, then I sincerely hope that there will be people, in the places that enforce such laws, who stand by the bathrooms, ready to challenge everyone who comes by.****

_____
*Footnote in 2023: How prescient of me, though I had no idea the laws would be written that way explicitly

**And also outed. Of course.

***Okay, they may claim that it’s to prevent attacks, but (1) trans people are already way more likely to be attacked in bathrooms than anyone else, and (2) attacking people is already illegal!

****(Though it would be nice if there were a way to avoid challenging closeted trans people.)

Primary Guidelines: Seven Rules for Riding out the Election Season

For Democrats, registered or not,* and other progressives, plus anyone else on the blue-purple side: Guidelines for working together with respect, and getting out the vote.

1) Check your registration status.  More than once.

Just to get this out of the way: Make sure you are registered to vote. Vote.org has a page for checking voter registration. Skip the form at the top if you don’t want to sign up for a mailing list; scroll down the page for links to each state’s official site. Also, here is a link to the voter registration deadlines in every US state for 2020 primary elections: A chart, and also a description for each state/territory and the different methods of registering.

So check. Especially if you have recently moved, but also if you haven’t.  Tell your friends to check, especially if they haven’t voted recently. And later, check again. If there’s anything we know, we know that voter suppression is alive and well — and likely to get worse.

Voter Suppression Could Reach New Heights in 2020 – Unless We Push Back (Truthout, 2020).
‘Tidal wave of voter suppression’ washes over states (NBC News, February, 2020)
Vote: Because Others Can’t (My analysis of voter suppression in November, 2018)
The Messy Politics of Voter Purges (Pew Trusts, October, 2019)
In Closely Divided Wisconsin, the Battle for Votes Is Already Underway (NY Times, January, 2020)

2) During the primaries, support the candidate(s) you support.  

This is exactly the right time to argue your case, and your candidate’s case, in the court of public opinion. Learn new things, read the platforms, find out what you can, and tell people what you know.  There is no need for all Democrats to pick a particular candidate ahead of time that everyone can agree on. That’s what the primary elections and caucuses are for.**

Support your candidate(s) loudly and proudly.  Recognize places they may be missing the mark, and consider telling them so.  If you change your mind, do it because you have weighed the issues, not because of peer pressure, or because people are acting as though one candidate or another is somehow more or less presentable.  Don’t go underground.***

3) After the primaries, support the candidate who won.

Someone queried recently, on a thread I was reading, that if we are encouraged to “choose party over candidate” by agreeing to “vote blue no matter who,” then how are we better than the current administration?  My response was twofold: one, that no one of the current candidates in the Democratic field is close to as vicious, demeaning, cruel, or dangerous as the current president: if there were someone like that, this advice would not hold (updated to add: but see Bloomberg, below****); and two, in contrast to “choosing party over candidate,” the current administration and its elected supporters have chosen party over country, over Constitution, and over human decency.

No one here is terrible (again,****).  They all have flaws. And their work is important.  Only by managing our disappointment and unifying our positions will we be able to turn back the tide of cruel and disastrous policies that have flowed from the white house in these years, and cruel and disastrous appointments that will otherwise keep those policies going for generations.

Not Voting is Not A “Statement” (John Pavlovitz, October, 2019)

By the way, I was going to say, “This is not the time for voting third party,” and then I recognised it as the kind of thing that people get told over and over again, as if you just have to wait for one more cycle, and that it’s kind of maddening. I was mad at my parents for saying it in 1980. If they wanted Anderson, why not vote for him instead of Carter? And I think the answer is, while the nation is so closely divided (well, when taking into account voter suppression and the electoral college), with razor thin edges, then the Presidential election will continue to be “not the time” for this kind of statement. I love that third party candidates have been winning at the local and state levels. I want that to be viable. But too many countrywide elections in my lifetime have been close enough to sway by the votes that go to third parties, with devastating effects, and I don’t foresee that changing any time soon.

4) Do not try to convince yourself or others that someone is so bad that you can’t vote for them, because we need those votes later.

If you don’t like someone’s policies, or past behavior, it’s fine to talk about it, or campaign against it.  But understand that there will be someone running against the executive in the White House, and there is no way any of these people could be as dangerous as the current resident.

Remember: there are people all across this country whose lives and livelihoods and day-to-day safety depend on the ending of the current right-wing administration, regardless of where the next President falls along the progressive spectrum.

At the Women’s March last month, I heard activist Tyunique Nelson say the following:
“If you are not centering the experiences of those among you who are most marginalized, then what are you doing?

Pay attention.  Work together. Commit to ending this crisis.

5) Understand that “electability” is a dangerous myth. 

One thing is clear to me: spreading doubts about any candidate’s “electability” will cause more damage than the actual reality of who people will vote for in the general election.

The idea of converging upon an “electable” candidate is extremely loaded.  It makes people want to do what feels safe. It was interesting reading in the articles below the notion that people’s idea of a candidate’s electability is based on who has won previously in the same position.  And so, despite the number of, say, women of color elected to other offices in the past two years, the people who are deemed “electable” turn out mainly to be older, white men.

Honestly, the number of people who don’t vote at all in American elections is so high that trying to pick your candidates based on what other people might or might not do will only lead to less integrity, not better turnout.

And here’s the thing: it’s all just hearsay.
A couple of people have told me, unprompted, that while they personally like her policies, there are many people who simply won’t vote for Elizabeth Warren in the general.  Never the person who’s saying this, you understand — just other people that we can’t know or control. So they don’t want to put their support behind her.

But you know what?  That’s true of every candidate.  People everywhere are vastly different, and every candidate will have large numbers of people who are so angry about something the candidate has done, or so disappointed in a loss by their own candidate, that they will refuse to vote for them in November on principle.  But if we convince ourselves to join those people, then no, our candidate will not have support, and, very possibly, none will have enough.

Our job now is to make voting for everyone more appealing.  If you hear someone saying that “people won’t vote for” a candidate, and that this is therefore a good reason not to support someone, this means it is your job to convince them otherwise.  Find out what they really think, talk about what you think, and focus on yourselves as actual voters, not on the hypothetical ones whose imagined whims might make this decision for you.

Democrats are prioritizing “electability” in 2020. That’s a coded term. (Vox, April, 2019)
The Word Female Presidential Candidates Have Been Hearing Over and Over (NY Times, January, 2020)
Column: Stop telling us about ‘electability’ – Opinion (Metro West Daily News, January, 2020)*****

6) No humiliation, no misogyny, no racism, no insults.  Don’t do it. Don’t stand for it. 

No humiliation:
The photoshopping has begun again, but at least the Sanders toboggan still has everyone smiling and having fun, not like the boxing gif of 2016.  Not like the insidious “I mix up Star Wars and Star Trek”/”I don’t understand jazz” memes that were designed to look like real quotes from Clinton.  Consider no photoshopping at all (do we really want to be like Representative Paul Gosar?).  Don’t forward these things, if their main purpose is to make someone look bad, or to make someone look bad for a laugh. Make sure to call out people who do.

But mostly, don’t try to make anyone out to be a loser, or a “lesser evil”.  No one here is a loser, so don’t use insults or humiliation for contrast with your own candidate, when, instead, you could use policy and your own enthusiasm.  Otherwise, as mentioned above, you run the risk of convincing yourselves and others not to vote. And that is the biggest danger here. If we band together, the Democrat wins.  If we splinter, the Democrat loses, and the reign of cruelty continues.

No misogyny:
It was appalling to see the amount of misogynistic stuff being passed along by supporters of Bernie Sanders in 2016, even from people I know who are otherwise nice people: from persistent double-standards to rude memes, from repeating long-standing right-wing insults to brand new hashtag-bern-the-witch.  And so many of them were based on sexist tropes that should have been gone by then, and certainly not perpetuated by anyone supporting progressive values. The Star Trek and jazz memes I just mentioned? I eventually learned they originated as “blonde” jokes.

And, most fascinating (and infuriating), people bent over backwards to insist that their issues with Hillary Rodham Clinton were not based in sexism.  I’d personally like to see whether that is true. Therefore, I decree that anyone who said, even once, in 2016, “It’s not because she’s a woman: If Elizabeth Warren were running, I’d vote for her,” is now honor bound to follow through.******

America loves women like Hillary Clinton–as long as they’re not asking for a promotion (Sady Doyle, QZ, February, 2016)
The Erasure of Elizabeth Warren Continues (Joan Walsh, The Nation, February, 2020)

No racism, either.  I’m disappointed that the field has become so abruptly white-focused in the past few months, and while I haven’t seen explicit or even covert insults, here again we have the fears of what other people will think and do if we choose someone who is different from what we’ve had before.  Pay attention to civility, and to the fact that voter suppression efforts constantly target people of color. That means the right wing knows that they are vitally important. Make sure we do, too.

And, finally, no anti-Semitism. I haven’t seen any yet directed toward Bernie Sanders, but the tensions are rising around us.  The thing is, we already know what the right wing will throw at a woman or a person of color who’s running for high office (including, if it’s a woman, how vigorously the left will echo it). We don’t yet have any idea what it will look like coming at a secular Jew. Be vigilant. And be aware that anti-Semitism is tricky. It can come as a multitude of ancient stereotypes, and it can come as a false association with Israel and its policies. Beware of this association, as it is used by the American right wing to gain support among Christians, not Jews. Do not confuse criticism of a government’s policies with attacks on a group of people.  And remember, a religious government such as Israel’s does not represent all members of the religion. This one doesn’t even represent all the people who live there. It certainly doesn’t represent those who are actually from other countries.

7) Allow faults. Think, just a little bit, like Republicans, and play the long game.

It is very clear that the current crisis is decades in the making.  There were books in the aughts about right-wing collaborators meeting in secret, planning their takeover.  There was the “Tea Party,” and there were small gains from their side over years and years. There’s been never-ending voter suppression.  Remember that judicial appointments are decades long. Remember that the environmental and social policies that Trump has annihilated over three years took decades to put in place.

Think like Republicans, who would hold their noses and vote for anyone who supports their values and plans, whether the candidates live those values or not.  I think, for the most part, our candidates do live by many, if not most, of the values we uphold. So, honestly, it shouldn’t be much of a nose hold.

And, finally, think of those who are most marginalized, those whose lives are being chipped away by health crises, whose families are separated by immigration policies, whose children are being bullied while white supremacists cheer, whose bodies are being regulated because they are women or because they are trans, whose lives are threatened by systemic racism, whose schools are encouraged to fail through lack of funding, whose water is being threatened, and whose natural spaces and landmarks are devastated by policy changes.*******

And vote with your conscience and their well-being in mind.

———
*Note that some states allow all voters to vote in primaries, while some require primary voters to be registered for the party they’ll be choosing among.
Individual state details: 2020 Primary & Caucus Schedule

**Though I hate that they go on for months and affect each other so much.

***This is actually really important, not going underground.  While the pressure (ranging from sexist memes to a sense of isolation to outright verbal attacks) to support Sanders over Clinton in 2015-2016 led to a group of a million people finding each other and enthusiastically discussing her candidacy online, this meant that people outside the group had no idea how strong her support was.  Some people still talk as though her popular election was entirely half-hearted. And while the same online group has prospered and thrived in the years since, with regular stories of hope and pride that have helped mitigate the ongoing awfulness, I think it’s really important in this round that people’s enthusiasm be heard and respected across the wider populace.

****(Feb. 21) As noted in the comments (and as Senator Elizabeth Warren and others pointed out in the NV debate), Michael Bloomberg actually turns out to be more dangerous that I’d realised when I wrote this post. While I’m expecting to vote for him if I must, I do not want to have to choose among power-hungry billionaires, particularly sexist, racist ones, and to normalize the wealth=power dynamic. So here are my main campaign points against him:
– He poured millions of dollars into Senator Pat Toomey’s reelection campaign in 2016. Sen. Toomey (R., PA) was adamant in rejecting a hearing for SCOTUS nominee Merrick Garland throughout that year, and he has been almost unrelenting in his support for Trump ever since. People have protested outside Sen. Toomey’s offices every week for three years, and he does not deign to address them.
– He escalated “Stop and Frisk” in New York City while mayor, leading to frisking thousands of Black and brown people, most of which resulted in no charges or arrests (but ongoing harm).
– He settled multiple sexual harassment accusations with required nondisclosure agreements.
– He has a long list of racist, sexist, homophobic, transphobic comments, not to mention the denial of previous things he’s said, which seems awfully familiar…

*****I do have a particular gripe with this article: it contains the line, “oh, if you must, talk about their hair.”  The thing is, hair is a flashpoint in discussions of politics and respectability and the double standard in talking about women and men.  In the 2016 election, there was a Sanders-supporting meme that listed some qualifications for the President of the United States. Most of them were appropriate and clever.  But one, presumably intended to be funny by poking fun at their own candidate, was “bad hair”. Ha ha, Bernie Sanders has flyaway hair. But here’s the thing: a Presidential candidate can get away with “bad hair” only by being a man, and a white man at that.  And this man was running against not just any woman but Hillary Rodham Clinton, a woman whose hair was discussed all the time, a woman who was told 40 years ago that if she didn’t change her hair and her name, her husband would not be reelected as Governor of Arkansas.  If she had allowed her hair to be messy, that would have doomed her chances in public opinion, and that, unlike for Bernie Sanders, would have translated into lack of votes. In a corollary, it’s also extremely likely that Barack Obama could not have been elected President if Michelle Obama had worn her hair in a natural style.  So, no. Hair is not a thing to talk about in the context of elections where women are present.

******Stay tuned…I may go and check up on people who spoke out publicly on this one.

*******Sorry; that’s nearly everyone.

National Coming Out Day and Time Travel: A Belated Post

(Note: Posted October 2019, updated in 2020.)

A folded scarf in long, crocheted, rainbow stripes.

My first crochet project, ca. 2003.

For the two weeks before I began writing it, I was expecting this post to be (1) a lot shorter and (2) centered on the fact that when I came out 30 years ago on October 10, the Jewish calendar — 19-year cycle notwithstanding — matched up with the same secular days as this year, with Erev Rosh Hashanah on September 29 and Yom Kippur on October 9. It seemed significant that the context for my sudden, startling revelation, coming the day after a fast as it did, should be echoed here 30 years later: Yom Kippur (10/9), Personal Coming Out Day (10/10), National Coming Out Day (10/11).

This is no longer my focus. It is still about dates, though. And about time.*

Things change dramatically over time. Sometimes it takes 30 years, and sometimes it takes two years, or a single day. When I had my sudden, startling revelation on October 10, 1989, I was on a safe, supportive college campus, and I knew at the time that October 11 would be National Coming Out Day and that October 12 would be my frosh hall’s Gay and Lesbian Awareness Workshop.** This was only the beginning of my questioning process, so I wasn’t coming out to anyone else yet. But at that point, I knew that the very next day I could stay quiet in a sea of supportive celebration. I knew that the day after that I could sit in a circle and declare myself a lesbian, and no one would know whether I was role-playing or not, and I could get questions answered without fear. I knew I was incredibly lucky.***

A year or so later, I was in the campus GLBA office and noticed a photo on the wall. It was a cluster of students with signs on the National Mall, and it was labeled, “March on Washington, October 11, 1987”. And I stared. I am good at dates, and I am good at patterns. I knew, unequivocally, in that moment, that National Coming Out Day was created to commemorate that march. And that that meant that National Coming Out Day was created in 1988, and that 1989 was only the second one ever. And I was stunned by how close I had come to missing that day of celebration and power and comfort that I had thought was already an institution.

This is not to say I had taken my safe space for granted. It was just astonishment at how quickly and abruptly — and arbitrarily — things can change. After all, there wasn’t any particular day set up to commemorate the March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay, and Bi Rights that I did go to, on April 25, 1993. And yet the power of that march resonated later in powerful ways. I always thought, until five or ten years ago, that the national conversation about marriage equality started in 1994, when Hawai’i made its ruling that a marriage had to be able, based only on gender (not on actual fertility or intention), to produce children. But in fact, the 1993 march had a platform of demands, and one of the demands was an expansion of the definitions of family, including the recognition of domestic partnerships and legalization of same sex marriages.

Another thing that began in 1994 was the introduction of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) to Congress. Before this (from 1974), the focus had been promoting the Equality Act to expand the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ENDA has still not passed, despite being introduced (with gender identity added in 2009) to every Congress save one until 2014, when support wavered and efforts returned to the Equality Act, which this year passed the House but has not moved in the Senate. Instead, we now have the ACLU arguing employment discrimination cases in front of the Supreme Court, and an unfavorable Court at that.

I found myself surprised this week, however, to keep reading online comments framing these court cases as an unthinkable new disaster in this time, from people who were somehow stunned that it should become legal to discriminate against LGBTQ+ people in employment. And maybe those commenters live in the states where such rights are protected. The truth is, though, that there is no federal law against this discrimination, just years of painstaking work to establish scattered local and state protections. If the justices rule against us, those laws could be superseded, which indeed would be a devastating push backward. But if, by some chance, they vote in our favor, then we would gain federal protection that we have never had.

[Edited in 2020 to add: And they did rule in our favor! See Bostock vs. Clayton County.****]

It’s been very curious being around long enough to see how much the conversation and the climate have changed over 30 years. Watching and welcoming the emerging gender identity movement, particularly over the last decade, has felt new and fascinating and also strangely familiar. From young kids coming out and public activism to bathroom bills and ongoing violence to language change and new books and new accommodation, I keep feeling, yes, this is where we were back in the ‘90s: visibility and backlash and violence and change. And in the nineties I was told by people who lived through the rise of third wave feminism in the ’70s: this is the way it goes: visibility and backlash and change. And so we all keep going, being visible, speaking our truth, and making change.

I began this essay on October 11, and it’s now grown enough that I’m finishing it a week later, and thus I’ve gotten to see, spread around my Facebook feed, the dawning of a new Day: the second instance of International Pronouns Day, begun last year on the third Wednesday in October. This is only the second one ever.

And this reminded me of something important that did happen just after Yom Kippur this year. We shared our break-fast meal that evening with longtime family friends, and since there were people at the table who didn’t know each other, one of the family, in support of her sibling, suggested we go around and do names and pronouns.

Now, I’ve been including my pronouns in my email signature at work for the past year and a half, but, I realised as it neared my turn, this was the first time I’d ever done it out loud. And then I looked at my kid, for whom this ritual was also new, and watched to see what he’d say. And even though he had only “she” and “they” modeled before his turn, he gamely followed the pattern and said, “…and I use he/him pronouns.” And thus we move forward, one word or day or year at a time, toward safe space, toward recognizing human dignity, and toward comprehensive human rights.


——
*Though, to be fair, only about the most mundane type of time travel.

**The CoLeGA (Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Awareness, later renamed BiLeGA [and eventually, in 1999, BiLeGaTA]) Awareness workshop was my favorite of the required awareness workshops, and it was cleverly designed. Everyone would sit in a circle, with two student facilitators, and everyone had to say, in turn, “I am a lesbian” or “I am a gay man”. That was the only thing we were required to say out loud. (To be fair, there were a few students who refused to do the workshop at all, based on this.) What followed was a role-play, in which the facilitators would give prompts, such as, “Tell me about a time you felt discriminated against,” or “How does it feel to tell people?” and anyone who wanted could reply. If we didn’t identify as gay or lesbian (or bi), we were asked to draw on our experiences based on other identities, or to imagine what it would be like. For the second half, we wrote questions on pieces of paper that we didn’t want to ask aloud, and the facilitators read them out and answered them as best they could.

***Actually, I wasn’t quiet on National Coming Out Day; I was fairly loud and enthusiastic, and I’m pretty sure it was even my proposal (earlier in the week) that for our hall’s turn at the dorm’s Wednesday “wine and cheese” on October 11, we serve chocolate chip cookie dough and milk, both colored with pink food coloring. But I wasn’t loud for myself, quite yet.

****Note that this decision, similar to the provisions of ENDA, covers only employment, leading to renewed focus on the Equality Act, including in the Biden campaign: “Biden will make enactment of the Equality Act during his first 100 days as President a top legislative priority.”

A Tally of Names

I have started a book that is not by Ellen Klages.

Okay, so most books are not by Ellen Klages. This one is in fact by Robin Talley, who has written two other YA books I really like, What We Left Behind and Lies We Tell Ourselves.

This one, appropriately named Pulp*, is about lesbian pulp novels from the 1950s, with characters in the 1950s and characters in the present, and alternating stories, and stories within stories, and so it quite forcefully puts me in mind of Ellen Klages.**

So here’s the thing about Pulp: It has a LOT of characters. Possibly not more than other YA novels, but the book has so many pairs of lives in parallel, that…well, basically, I wanted a place to write all the names down. So here:

In the present we have Abby, a senior in high school, who’s pining after her ex-girlfriend Linh (now “just friends”), and who discovers, on the internet, a lesbian pulp novel by the elusive Marian Love, about a girl named Elaine who goes off to New York City and meets a girl named Paula in a bar in Greenwich Village. Abby, who’s into writing fanfic***, is enamored by the new genre and decides for her senior writing project to try her hand at a lesbian pulp novel (something ironic, to subvert the genre) about two girls named Gladys and Henrietta. And she tries to research — and maybe contact — Marian Love.

And in the 1950s there is Janet, a senior in high school, who’s pining after her best friend Marie (now graduated and with a new job), and who discovers, on a bus station wire rack, a lesbian pulp novel by the mysterious Dolores Wood, about two girls named Betty and Sam who meet each other in New York City’s Greenwich Village. Janet, who’s hoping to go to college and become a journalist, is stunned to see her feelings echoed anywhere outside her own head and decides to try her hand at writing a pulp novel of her own, very very secretly, about two girls named Elaine and Paula. Oh, and she tries to contact Dolores Wood.

And, just to be clear, there are excerpts included from all the books and manuscripts.

So. Just so we’ve gotten everything sorted out. Thank you.

I will now proceed with my reading.

—————-
*Or, occasionally, Plup

**For further reference see “Time Gypsy,” my favorite of her stories, which I read in the collection Portable Childhoods and which contains actual time travel, and her time-bouncing novel Passing Strange. She also has a series of middle grade historical novels: The Green Glass Sea; White Sands, Red Menace; and Out of Left Field. They’re all amazing, and I love that her MG books are very straightforward and sensible and yet manage to share worlds with her more fantastical and magical adult books.

***Oh, and just to be clear, Pulp has excerpts from more inlaid stories than Rainbow Rowell’s Fangirl****; just saying…

****which is the book that left me wanting to read two series that didn’t exist, one of which was fanfic of the other. Of course, then the one actually got written, but it was kind of standalone and had some clear departures from the fanfic version, which was a bit…odd.

Some Holiday Lunacy! Equinox, Purim, Passover, and Easter

Lunar Phase Calendar 2019Today (in the northern hemisphere) we welcome the Vernal Equinox — a time of balance — along with the full moon that heralds the arrival of Purim.*

Purim occurs at the mid-point of the Hebrew month of Adar, or in this case Adar Sheni (“second Adar”), the second instance of Adar in what is a leap year in the Jewish calendar. The leap years sprinkled along the 19-year cycle ensure that the lunar calendar keeps pace with the solar calendar, instead of traveling along the year like the Islamic calendar. Indeed, if we skipped the repeat of Adar this year, we’d be getting ready right now for Passover, which begins, also on the full moon, just a month later.

I’ve always been fascinated by the connections between the world we live in and the systems and words we use to describe and organize it. So I remember being completely stunned to learn in college that I could find the Jewish holidays by looking outside at night. I’d grown up learning and celebrating the holidays, and I’d always known that the Jewish calendar was a lunar calendar, but I thought that was an ancient thing. I hadn’t understood that those connections between the names and counting and the real world would still be intact — after all, our months aren’t like that. But calendars are designed, whatever their focus, to keep going, as best they can. So unlike Gregorian months, which only approximate the moon cycles that inspire their name, Hebrew months begin, every time, with the first new sliver of moon**.

I also knew that Jewish holidays have specific dates (as do holidays in any calendar): Chanukah on 25th of Kislev, Tu b’Shevat (as named) on the 15th of Shevat. I hadn’t paid much attention to the others, and so now I had the pleasure of learning that most of the major holidays occur on the 15th of their month … and coincide with the full moon. Tu B’Shevat. Purim. Passover. Sukkot. Because full moon is a great time to celebrate.***
(Begin 5/4 time full moonlight dance here!)

So. And then, some years later, I found myself looking through a list of Easter dates**** and wondered what was up with the one Christian holiday that traveled around as much — in fact possibly more — than Jewish ones.

And I was most charmed to learn that it combined everything: Easter comes on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

So, okay, here comes the equinox, timed for 5:58 pm Eastern Daylight Time (9:58 pm UTC, 10:58 pm Central European Time); when exactly is the moon full? As it turns out, just about four hours later!

So why isn’t it Easter week right now?

Because, as I just learned in the last week, there is an Ecclesiastical rule that declares Equinox unequivocally to be March 21.*****

…Interestingly, those same ecclesiastical rules state that the vernal equinox is fixed on March 21 (for European longitudes), even though from the years 2008 through 2103 the equinox will occur no later than March 20. In fact, in the year 2020, for the first time since 1896, spring will arrive on the 19th across the entire United States, and in 2048, that will happen across the whole of Europe.

So, while in an astronomical sense, March 20 marks the first full moon of spring, so far as the Christian church is concerned, we must put the Paschal Term on hold for a month until the next full moon, on April 19. That also occurs on Good Friday, and at sundown that same day, Passover begins. Two days later will come a rather late Easter Sunday, on April 21.

An even more extreme situation will take place in 2038. In that year, the equinox will fall on March 20 with a full moon the very next day (a Sunday). So, astronomically, Easter should fall on March 28 of that year. In reality, however, as mandated by the rules of the church, Easter in 2038 will be observed as late as it can possibly come, on April 25!

So. Many things to ponder. And a month to wait, for both Passover and Easter. In the meanwhile, I wish you a time of great balance, patience, and equilibrium, on the day that everyone gets the same amount of daylight, no matter where they are, all over the world.

______

*Also the equinox-related Eostara, Holi, Norouz/Char-Shanbe-Soori, Higan, the Autumnal Equinox in the southern hemisphere, and more … including the many cultures that celebrate the vernal equinox as the first day of Spring.******

**What I learned then, from posters in the campus center, and from the meetings they echoed, was that this first day of each month is known as Rosh Chodesh, head of the month, as Rosh Hashanah is head of the year. And it turns out that Rosh Chodesh, which I had never heard of, is celebrated as a women’s holiday. Amazing that I didn’t learn this in Hebrew School. (Hmm.)

***Chanukah is a notable exception. It’s not a major holiday, except in that it coincides with so many (other) Solstice holidays. And a number of years ago, it was pointed out to me (thank you, Otter) that Chanukah, known as the Festival of Lights though its name means “Rededication,” doesn’t just occur during the darkest time of year; it also neatly covers the darkest time of month. Starting a few days before the end of the month of Kislev, and ending a few days after, the holiday takes us into the darkness and then back out again, while the lights of the Chanukah menorah grow ever-brighter.

****Possibly this was when I was confirming that my first cat’s birthday was even earlier than I’d thought. We were told she was born on Easter. And so we (okay, I) looked it up and thenceforward celebrated her birthday on March 25 … until discovering that I’d remembered wrong, and Easter that year had actually been March 23.

*****It’s not clear to me what time or time zone is relevant here, or whether the moon must follow the entire day or just its beginning.

******I don’t, though. I consider this to be mid-spring, in the midst of the winter-to-summer transition process that is spring. But that’s another post. Oh, wait; it actually is another post.

Vote: Because Others Can’t

If you, or someone you know, is wondering “Why should I bother to vote today?” my current answer isn’t about the vast sweeping changes across the nation in the past two years and the fate of our democracy. My current answer is this:

Vote today to compensate for those across the country whose votes are being suppressed, some perhaps as “unintended consequences” of apparently well-meaning changes* and some as blatant disenfranchisement:
– For example, in North Dakota, where the Supreme Court** just upheld a Voter ID law that requires a street address in order to vote, and where it is completely standard for the government not to issue street addresses on Native American reservations whose streets often don’t have names or numbers.
– Or in North Carolina, where five years ago — in fact, the very day after the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act*** (see p. 10 of the 2016 decision linked in this paragraph) — the state eliminated same-day voter registration and reduced both early voting and Sunday voting, explicitly because counties with strong Sunday voting tended to be “disproportionately” African-Americans who tended to vote Democratic. The law was overturned in 2016, but the justification went viral a few weeks ago.
– Or in Dodge City, Kansas, where the distribution of erroneous polling place information was only adding insult to injury. The notices said that voting would occur at the standard sole polling place in the center of town, but in fact they had already made the actual polling place get out of Dodge. The only place today for the primarily Latin@ city residents to vote is outside of town, 1 mile from the nearest bus stop.
– Or in Georgia, where, among other things, people’s addresses were purged from voter rolls based on when they last voted, and they were not notified. There are also problems with voting machines, absentee ballots, and processing registrations. Also, there are many fewer polling places across the state, something that has been growing since, hm…the 2013 gutting of the Voting Rights Act.

Some other good reasons to vote:

1) Demographics. Politicians pay attention to who votes in elections, and if you’re part of a demographic that polls as low turnout, the representatives may decide that your issues aren’t the ones to focus on.

2) History. No matter who you are, many of your ancestors have been legally unable to vote in this country. For those who struggled, fought, died, were imprisoned and force-fed, or marched and endured, your use of your vote now can honor their courage.

3) Meanness vs. civility. The vast sweeping changes across the nation in the past two years and the state of our democracy. The fate of America and all the people in it.

4) In case anyone thinks one vote doesn’t make a big enough difference****, I will simply copy some lyrics here from an earlier post:

Step by Step

lyrics to "Step by Step"

sign for 2017 women’s march

Step by step, the longest march can be won, can be won.
Many stones to form an arch, singly none, singly none,
And by union what we will can be accomplished still;
Drops of water turn a mill, singly none, singly none.

As far as I know, the words are from the preamble to the constitution of the United Mine Workers (UMWA), and it was set to music by Pete Seeger. I learned it from Sweet Honey, and I found performances of them both:
Video (Sweet Honey in the Rock): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXwM3pJFqAc
Recording and lyrics (Pete Seeger): https://genius.com/Pete-seeger-step-by-step-lyrics

——–
*There’s a Reuters quote in the Snopes article (cited later in the post) that says,

“Republicans have said laws like the one in North Carolina are needed to prevent voter fraud. Democrats have said such laws are voter suppression measures intended to make it harder for groups that tend to back Democratic candidates, including black and Hispanic voters, to cast ballots.”

I think this is a problematically complex answer.
My answer would be:
Voter suppression IS voter fraud. Go ahead and prevent that.
And further:
Is fraud prevention worth it if one person is prevented from voting as a result? Ten? 100? How many of your own friends’ or family’s votes would you trade for the “prevention of voter fraud”?

**with Gorsuch, without Kavanaugh, despite my previous belief. The majority included Sonia Sotomayor, however, which surprises me.

***Apparently SCOTUS felt that the southern states in question had been behaving well enough that there was no longer a need to require federal oversight of new changes in voting law. Within a day, as I recall, there were six new changes in voting law among the previously constrained states.

****Also, there is somewhere a list of major historical decisions decided by very few votes. I’ll try to find it. I mean, besides the 2016 Presidential. Oh, here’s one.